Charles Willson Peale

Mrs Peale Lamenting the Death of Her Child, 1772; enlarged 1776; retouched 1818, Oil on canvas, 93.5 x 81.4 cm, Philadelphia Museum of Art; Gift of The Barra Foundation, Inc., 1977, 1977-34-1, The Philadelphia Museum of Art / Art Resource, NY

A Grief Observed

Commentary by Sung Cho

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The American revolutionary and polymath Charles Willson Peale is famous for his portraits of the leading figures of that era. At times, however, he also revealed his own personality: his love of natural history, museum propriety, and family.

Alongside his joys, Peale’s art also exhibited his sorrows. His fourth child, Margaret Bordley (born in 1772), inspired him to initiate his most ambitious portrait: The Peale Family. The project, however, took over three decades to complete because a tragedy interrupted its progress. His beloved young daughter died the same year from smallpox.

Soon afterwards, Charles commemorated his deceased daughter with a painting that includes his first wife, Rachel (1747–90). It is unlike Peale’s other woman–child portraits that show two individuals alive and well. Here, Rachel looks heavenward and weeps over the lifeless corpse of the infant Margaret on her deathbed. All that is below the mother is white, including the handkerchief in her hand, the pillows, the bedsheets, Margaret’s clothing, and her skin. Peale intended the portrait to be a public health warning to encourage inoculation from smallpox.

In this work we find a complex mingling of politics, disease, and art as well as a multidimensionality that allows the work to be read on several levels. Peale perpetuates Rachel weeping as a symbol of personal family bereavement far beyond the original context of Jeremiah 31.

 

References

Richardson, Edgar P., Brooke Hindle, and Lillian B. Miller. 1983. Charles Willson Peale and His World (New York: Harry N. Abrams)

Ward, David C. 2004. Charles Willson Peale: Art and Selfhood in the Early Republic (Berkeley: University of California Press)

Wehrman, Andrew M. 2022. The Contagion of Liberty: The Politics of Smallpox in the American Revolution (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press)

See full exhibition for Jeremiah 31:1–26

Jeremiah 31:1–26

Revised Standard Version

31 “At that time, says the Lord, I will be the God of all the families of Israel, and they shall be my people.”

2Thus says the Lord:

“The people who survived the sword

found grace in the wilderness;

when Israel sought for rest,

3the Lord appeared to him from afar.

I have loved you with an everlasting love;

therefore I have continued my faithfulness to you.

4Again I will build you, and you shall be built,

O virgin Israel!

Again you shall adorn yourself with timbrels,

and shall go forth in the dance of the merrymakers.

5Again you shall plant vineyards

upon the mountains of Samarʹia;

the planters shall plant,

and shall enjoy the fruit.

6For there shall be a day when watchmen will call

in the hill country of Eʹphraim:

‘Arise, and let us go up to Zion,

to the Lord our God.’ ”

7For thus says the Lord:

“Sing aloud with gladness for Jacob,

and raise shouts for the chief of the nations;

proclaim, give praise, and say,

‘The Lord has saved his people,

the remnant of Israel.’

8Behold, I will bring them from the north country,

and gather them from the farthest parts of the earth,

among them the blind and the lame,

the woman with child and her who is in travail, together;

a great company, they shall return here.

9With weeping they shall come,

and with consolations I will lead them back,

I will make them walk by brooks of water,

in a straight path in which they shall not stumble;

for I am a father to Israel,

and Eʹphraim is my first-born.

10“Hear the word of the Lord, O nations,

and declare it in the coastlands afar off;

say, ‘He who scattered Israel will gather him,

and will keep him as a shepherd keeps his flock.’

11For the Lord has ransomed Jacob,

and has redeemed him from hands too strong for him.

12They shall come and sing aloud on the height of Zion,

and they shall be radiant over the goodness of the Lord,

over the grain, the wine, and the oil,

and over the young of the flock and the herd;

their life shall be like a watered garden,

and they shall languish no more.

13Then shall the maidens rejoice in the dance,

and the young men and the old shall be merry.

I will turn their mourning into joy,

I will comfort them, and give them gladness for sorrow.

14I will feast the soul of the priests with abundance,

and my people shall be satisfied with my goodness,

says the Lord.”

15Thus says the Lord:

“A voice is heard in Ramah,

lamentation and bitter weeping.

Rachel is weeping for her children;

she refuses to be comforted for her children,

because they are not.”

16Thus says the Lord:

“Keep your voice from weeping,

and your eyes from tears;

for your work shall be rewarded,

says the Lord,

and they shall come back from the land of the enemy.

17There is hope for your future,

says the Lord,

and your children shall come back to their own country.

18I have heard Eʹphraim bemoaning,

‘Thou hast chastened me, and I was chastened,

like an untrained calf;

bring me back that I may be restored,

for thou art the Lord my God.

19For after I had turned away I repented;

and after I was instructed, I smote upon my thigh;

I was ashamed, and I was confounded,

because I bore the disgrace of my youth.’

20Is Eʹphraim my dear son?

Is he my darling child?

For as often as I speak against him,

I do remember him still.

Therefore my heart yearns for him;

I will surely have mercy on him,

says the Lord.

21“Set up waymarks for yourself,

make yourself guideposts;

consider well the highway,

the road by which you went.

Return, O virgin Israel,

return to these your cities.

22How long will you waver,

O faithless daughter?

For the Lord has created a new thing on the earth:

a woman protects a man.”

23 Thus says the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel: “Once more they shall use these words in the land of Judah and in its cities, when I restore their fortunes:

24And Judah and all its cities shall dwell there together, and the farmers and those who wander with their flocks. 25For I will satisfy the weary soul, and every languishing soul I will replenish.”

26 Thereupon I awoke and looked, and my sleep was pleasant to me.